Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Cell vacuoles do not store waste materials. (2) Water transport in plants occurs across xylem. (3) Breakdown of pyruvate in yeast in the absence of oxygen yields ethanol. (4) Energy released from the rupture of the terminal phosphate group of ATP is equivalent to 35.5 kJ/mol.
Question:
Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Cell vacuoles do not store waste materials. (2) Water transport in plants occurs across xylem. (3) Breakdown of pyruvate in yeast in the absence of oxygen yields ethanol. (4) Energy released from the rupture of the terminal phosphate group of ATP is equivalent to 35.5 kJ/mol.
Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Cell vacuoles do not store waste materials. (2) Water transport in plants occurs across xylem. (3) Breakdown of pyruvate in yeast in the absence of oxygen yields ethanol. (4) Energy released from the rupture of the terminal phosphate group of ATP is equivalent to 35.5 kJ/mol.
Options
Answer: (3) Breakdown of pyruvate in yeast in the absence of oxygen yields ethanol
Explanation:
Statement (3) is correct. In anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in yeast, pyruvate is broken down into ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and carbon dioxide. This process is: Pyruvate → Acetaldehyde → Ethanol + CO₂. Statement (1) is incorrect — cell vacuoles do store waste materials and toxic byproducts. Statement (2) is partially correct but incomplete — water transport occurs via xylem (transpiration pull). Statement (4) is incorrect — the energy released from ATP hydrolysis is approximately 30.5 kJ/mol, not 35.5 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
Statement (3) is correct. In anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in yeast, pyruvate is broken down into ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and carbon dioxide. This process is: Pyruvate → Acetaldehyde → Ethanol + CO₂. Statement (1) is incorrect — cell vacuoles do store waste materials and toxic byproducts. Statement (2) is partially correct but incomplete — water transport occurs via xylem (transpiration pull). Statement (4) is incorrect — the energy released from ATP hydrolysis is approximately 30.5 kJ/mol, not 35.5 kJ/mol.
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